Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. It usually affects the nose and throat and causes a bad sore throat, swollen glands, fever and chills. It is caused by a bacteria named Corynebacterium diphtheriae. But the hallmark sign is a thick, gray covering in the back of your throat that can make breathing difficult.
There are many symptoms and specific characteristics of diphtheria. Apart from sore throat, swollen lymph nodes on neck, increased body temperature, and difficulty in breathing there are other signs also like low blood pressure, nasal secretions, pain in throat while swallowing, increased heart rate, chills. The symptoms in children are nausea, high fever, chills, and vomiting. In some cases, children do not show any signs and symptoms of diphtheria.
Causes of Diphtheria:
This bacterium which causes Diphtheria is transmitted through intimate contact or by respiratory droplets which is airborne from convalescing patients. Contaminated objects such as contaminated milk can also transmit the disease. It is a rare situation that the food contaminated by the bacterium would infect others. The toxin produced by the bacterium causes serious complications which would lead to the failure of kidneys, nervous system, heart etc.
Diphtheria can be treated and cured successfully with antitoxin and antibiotics if started early enough.
The prevention of diphtheria is through vaccination. The vaccination schedule is the same as for tetanus (see previous article). Immunity does wane after a period of time and re-vaccination should be done at least every 10 years.
Diphtheria is treated with two types of medications namely antibiotics and antitoxins. Antibiotic treatment is usually with penicillins or macrolides.
The best way to prevent diphtheria is to keep updated with vaccinations. A booster shot is also needed whenever you are travelling to places where diphtheria is endemic.
The treatment of diphtheria is of the greatest importance since the prompt giving of enough antitoxin will prevent spread to important nerves or other tissues of the body. Most dangerous is spread of the membrane into the larynx and serious interference with breathing. Recent research has shown the ability of penicillin to control the growth of the diphtheria germ and, conceivably, antibiotic treatment may eventually replace other forms of treatment.
Varicella- Varicella- more frequently referred to as chickenpox- is a disease that can be spread through the air or through contact with fluid from chickenpox blisters. The varicella vaccine protects against chickenpox.
Congestive heart failure simply means congestion in veins. It is a form of heart failure in which the heart is unable to pump away the blood returning to it fast enough, causing congestion in the veins.
If you plan to get pregnant, and you do not have immunity to measles, mumps and rubella or to chickenpox you should get immunized. If you are pregnant currently, discuss immunizations with your doctor. Most physicians prefer to wait until after the baby is born to give the vaccinations.
Preventing illnesses and diseases like Polio, Hepatitis A, Diphtheria, and whooping cough, baby vaccinations are an important part of keeping baby healthy for her entire lifetime. Many vaccines must be given in a series.
In the end of the 19th century in the summer period, the most significant source of communication and transportation link between the port cities was a steamship. In wintertime, when the biggest ports like Nome became icebound and the steamship usage as a source of transport link with other sea ports was useless.
The most common travel-acquired illness after diarrhea which can put you out of action for weeks. Havrix is a vaccination which provides long term immunity (possibly more than 10 years) after an initial injection and a booster at six to 12 months.
For women, there are a variety of health screening tests that help ensure your health is on the right track. For instance, a thyroid test should first be taken at age 35. Your blood pressure should be checked regularly, no less than every two years.
Never mind that the United Kingdom Medical Research Council condemned Dr. Wakefield's report. Never mind that other medical researchers from around the globe found fault with his research methods. Never mind that subsequent well-designed statistically significant studies failed to show any link between MMR and autism.
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